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United Arab Emirates - Introduction to Linux
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Okay, so usually when we first go into a machine, what we always want to do, we always want
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to update it to the latest version, like whatever is here. And what we're going to do, if you're
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in there now, we can do this sudo and then update, if you can see that. So that, just
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that, yeah, sudo update. And what's going to happen is that package managers, what they
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want to do is, this is going to ask the package manager, what the package manager is, that's
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like the software catalog of Ubuntu. And it's got all of the latest versions in it, but
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we don't know what the latest versions are yet. We don't know, they could be out-of-date.
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So it's going to go through and it's syncing our database of what the latest version
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of everything is with this. So we've got that now. And what we want to do is, we can type this,
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apt, and then hyphen, hyphen, list, upgradable, or actually just list, and then hyphen, hyphen.
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Yep. Okay. So we can have a look at this. And what we want to do is, we always want
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to have the latest of everything. Because it doesn't matter what the reason is, whether
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it's a security bug that's already out in the wild, or whether it's just a feature enhancement,
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we want to make sure we've got the latest. And all you guys got today, I can actually
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see it on here, don't need to ask, but, and what we want to do to do that, we want
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to do sudo apt and then upgrade, and then we want to put that minus y in it.
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Well, upgrade will upgrade you to the latest versions. Update will just update whatever
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is there already. So, like, it will just, if there's, say, like, a version 6 instead
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of like a version 5.8 or something like that, if you were working in an environment
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where you're running web servers and everything's so crucial, you'll probably just do update
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because it's not going to, yeah, you're not going to get anything broken. There's not
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going to be anything that you have to worry about unless they're stupid and they kind
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of do that. They're snucking things to break things. But yeah, that's what you always
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want to do. You always want to make sure that you've got the latest version of something.
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Okay, I'm just going to have a look at this.
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So these will kind of take a little bit to go through, and the thing is that any time
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you do this, you could end up with the system broken. So that's where sometimes
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you might want to just do, there's another switch you can do just for security updates,
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which is what you'd want to do if you have a web server or something. But because
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we're starting from scratch with nothing else there, so you want to do, and you
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can see something that's come up here. It might come up with your ones. I'm not sure.
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Yeah, it has. What we have, there's a newer kernel available. You see, it's not going
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to be a big problem. Sometimes you might have compiled your own kernel to run some
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kind of different Wi-Fi or different thing that you've got. This is more for desktops.
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Or this is like, you can see this, 6.5-1017-AWS. AWS has their own kernels, and we don't
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need to go into what the kernel is. Really, kernel is just like the lowest part of the
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operating system, just what kind of runs it. OS, bit of the OS. It's like if,
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nobody probably uses Android phones here, but ROMs, you know, if you put a new ROM
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on your phone, it puts like a bootloader on it. It's not a bootloader, but it's
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the most basic part of it. So what we want to do, we'll do okay. We don't need
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to restart. So we can choose here what services we want to, should be restarted.
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We don't really need to worry about this because we're not doing anything here.
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We might not want to, we might want to do it out of business hours. We might want to
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wait to restart something like a NFS server. NFS server is an extension of your file system,
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like a web disc basically, and if we restart that, it might try to do it gracefully,
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but it might not. So you might make people lose work. But in this environment, what
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we're doing here, we don't have to worry about anything. Yep, so we've got like an
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up-to-date system now, which is a good thing. They can't continuously update all of the
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distribution files that you download from the internet, so they do it like this,
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just like your Mac or your phone updates. So what I'm going to do here, I'm going
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to install, I'm going to install Netcat here. You can do the same thing. Yep,
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apt install Netcat. Yep, it's going to bring up this warning each time. Okay,
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so we'll be able to see back here and see what it actually did. If it didn't,
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yep, it did do that. Okay, so what I'm going to do here, I'm going to start this Netcat.
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We can run it with this NC. Now, this is running here. This is running here.
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It is 12345. That is the port that it's running on. But we won't be able to get to it because
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we've got the firewall there. We need to open this port up. Yep, and that was 12345.
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Yep, so what we want to do here is we want to add it into here. And this is
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where we can just do a custom port. Okay, now what we want to do is in your browser,
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what you can do is you can do this NC and then this IP address here. Yep, just this
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one here. This, if you can see it there, this 18. Yep. Yep, got that. I could put it
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in like a thing. Yep, you've got that 18. What you can do as well instead of that
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is because we've got this host name on here, you could go to something dot, instead
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of using that IP address, you could just use something dot digital signage magazine
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dot dot com. Once we've hooked up like a DNS name, we can use that for anything. Just
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this here, this something dot. And you could actually do that from your Mac as
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well. Mac has Netcat built in. Just having a look at your desktops.